Paciente de 30 años con infarto agudo al miocardio e infección por SARS-CoV-2, presentación inhabitual de Covid-19. Caso clínico

Isolated cardiac involvement of COVID-19 is an infrequent presentation, and myocardial infarction is even less common. We report a 30-year-old man presenting with retrosternal pain of insidious onset whose intensity increases suddenly. On admission, the patient had tachycardia and an EKG showed a 1 mm ST-elevation and diffuse PQ segment depression. Troponin was 26.9 ng/ml (normal value [NV] < 0.03), inflammatory parameters were elevated, and SARS-CoV 2 PCR was positive. He was hospitalized with the diagnosis of myopericarditis secondary to SARS-CoV 2. He progressed favorably without pain during the hospital stay and with decreasing troponin values. A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was compatible with an infero-lateral transmural infarction. A coronary angiography showed a distal occlusion of the circumflex artery. Consequently, anticoagulation and double platelet anti-aggregation were started. The patient evolved favorably, with a decreasing troponin curve (last at discharge 0.49 ng/ml) and a control EKG with pathological Q in DIII and AvF, and symmetrically inverted T in DII, DIII, AvF, V4, V5, and V6.

Infarto agudo de miocardio sin enfermedad coronaria ateroesclerótica obstructiva: utilidad de las imágenes intravasculares y resonancia cardíaca en su diagnóstico

Background: Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA) is common. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and intravascular imaging (IVI) may be useful for establishing its etiology. Aim: To describe a population with MINOCA and its multi-image assessment using IVI or CMR. Material and Methods: Review of medical records, imaging and functional studies of patients with MINOCA treated in three different clinical centers between 2015 and 2019. Results: Twenty-eight patients with MINOCA and IVI were included. Seventy eight percent were women, 46% had hypertension, 32% smoked and 32% had dyslipidemia. At wall motion assessment, 46% presented apical ballooning pattern. In 36% of patients IVI identified lesions that explained the cause of MINOCA, namely plaque disruption (PD) in 18%, spontaneous coronary dissection in 11% and a thrombus without PD in 7%. Forty-six percent of patients had uncomplicated atherosclerotic plaques, and 36% had no pathological findings. CMR was performed in 50% of patients, identifying in all a diagnostic pattern. In nine cases it was compatible with stress cardiomyopathy, three cases had a myocarditis and two cases had transmural infarctions. PD and transmural late gadolinium enhancement were observed in 23% of patients with apical ballooning. Patients with a pattern of myocarditis did not have acute pathological findings at IVI. After a mean follow-up of 16.4±11.4 months, 3 patients with PD died. Conclusions: Among patients with MINOCA, there was a predominance of female gender with low cardiovascular risk factor load. The multi-image assessment allowed greater precision for etiological diagnosis of MINOCA. Apical ballooning was not pathognomonic for stress cardiomyopathy. PD was associated with mortality.

Pericarditis Constrictiva, variedad fibroelástica. Nuevas técnicas diagnósticas por imágenes / Constrictive Fibrous Pericarditis. Novel Diagnostic Imaging Techniques

Abstract Constrictive Pericarditis is a disease characterized by fibrous thickening of the pericardium that generates a failure in cardiac function. The case of a 54-year-old man, marathon runner with progressive symptoms of congestive heart failure and significantly reduction of Functional Class II-III (NYHA) lasting seven months is presented. Clinical findings are described and the diagnostic value of several imaging techniques - echocardiography, multi-slice computerized tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance - is emphasized. Constrictive fibrous pericarditis was confirmed at pericardiectomy.